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15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
1 Role and Function of the Committee
1.2 SRI Reporting Requirements
In July 2000 regulations came into force
1.1 Terms of Reference
that obliges all pension funds to consider
The Joint Advisory Committee on
their policy, if any, on socially responsible
the Ethics of Investment (JACEI) was
investment (SRI). In April 2005 similar
established in 1983 by a Resolution of
requirements were extended to charities
the Methodist Conference to provide a
under the SORP guidelines. The CFB is
mechanism for the Methodist Church to
investment manager to large pension
tackle ethical dilemmas associated with
funds that use the JACEI Conference
investment and report annually to the
report as part of their assessment of CFB
Conference. Its terms of reference, which
compliance with their SRI policies. The
were last revised in 2001, are as follows:
report should therefore enable trustee bodies to assess clearly whether the CFB
The Joint Advisory Committee of the Ethics
has operated in a way consistent with the
of Investment shall have a Chair appointed
aims of the Methodist Church.
by the Methodist Council. The Committee shall have five members appointed by the
1.3 JACEI Procedures
Central Finance Board of the Methodist
The latest procedural amendments (2008)
Church (CFB) and five members appointed
agreed that each meeting should have:
by the Methodist Council. The function of
∞ one or two major items for debate
the Committee shall be:
either previously agreed by the
∞ to advise the CFB of ethical
Committee, requested by the CFB or
considerations relating to investment,
driven by events;
it being accepted that the CFB legally
∞ regular reporting items to keep the
has responsibility for making the final
Committee fully informed of ethical
decision on the purchase or disposal
issues relating to investment and
to assist in the selection of items
∞ to make public where appropriate
requiring a major debate;
any ethical policy of the CFB and in
∞ a report from the CFB on its ‘ethical
particular any investment decision
performance'. This would include
taken on ethical grounds and any other
the EIRIS (the Ethical Investment
advice the Committee may provide on
Research Service) screen, voting
ethical matters relating to investment;
records and any disinvestment on
∞ to report to the Conference on the
ethical grounds,
workings of the Committee and in particular to comment on the
that the Committee should:
performance of the CFB in managing
∞ hold four meetings a year in
the funds under its control according
November, February, June, and
to an ethical stance which is in
accordance with the aims of the
∞ have its own identity with an address
Methodist Church.
located at Methodist Church House;
∞ advise the CFB in relation to current
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
Methodist Church policy;
the CFB against investment in G4S
∞ examine all aspects of a company's
(section 4.2) and Thyssen Krupp
operations rather than simply focus
on one particular issue;
∞ take responsibility, where appropriate,
∞ carried out detailed scrutiny and
for making public any ethical policy
debate about the ethical suitability
of the CFB and in particular any
of BSkyB (section 4.5), noted the
investment decision taken on ethical
CFB's engagement work, and advised
the CFB that the existing ban on
∞ seek ways to make the advice
investment should be retained for the
provided by the Committee available
to the wider Methodist Church,
∞ highlighted the importance of the
that Committee members should:
CFB Ethical Performance Review and
∞ feel free to contact the Secretary
scrutinised the CFB voting record,
between meetings about issues of
the EIRIS ethical overview of UK
sectors, the list of ethically excluded
∞ email their comments on position
UK and European companies and the
papers or other matters to the
minutes of the monthly CFB ethics
Secretary if unable to attend a
meeting (see section 4.9);
particular meeting.
∞ advised the CFB in relation to
2 Highlights of Actions and Decisions
carrying out existing policy with regards to Nestlé (section 4.3) and
2.1 The Committee:
on investment in mining companies
∞ supported the Central Finance Board's
(CFB) judgements relating to a number of companies;
∞ emphasised the high priority of
establishing a policy on climate change,
∞ welcomed representatives of the
and highlighted the CFB's existing work
Trustees of the Methodist Church in
in this area (section 4.6).
Ireland to meetings (section 3.1);
2.2 The Central Finance Board (CFB):
∞ hosted a ‘fringe' meeting at the 2008
Held meetings, corresponded and/or
Conference (section 3.2);
produced briefing notes relating to ethical, environmental and human rights issues
∞ approved a CFB position paper on
either singly or in concert with others as
Ethical Investment Issues Involving
Children (section 4.1);
• Aggreko (see 4.6)
∞ considered a policy on Private Security
• Anglo-American (see 4.7 & 4.8)
Contractors (section 4.2). Advised
• Antofagasta (see 4.6)
Methodist Conference Agenda
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15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
• Arcelor Mittal (see 4.8)
Investment (PRI). Had regular
• Aveva Group (see 4.6)
collaboration with the General Board
• Beazley Group (see 4.6)
of Pensions and Health Benefits
• Bodycote (see 5.2)
(GBOPHB) of the United Methodist
• BSkyB (see 4.5)
Church. Drafted a position paper
• BP (see 5.3)
on ethical issues related to climate
• Charter International (see 4.6)
change (section 4.6).
• Compagnie Financiere Richemont
3 The Working of the Committee
• Dassault Systemes (see 5.2)• Dignity (see 4.6)
3.1 Committee Membership
• GlaxoSmithKline (see 5.7)
The Revd John Howard was the Chair of
• Forth Ports (see 4.6)
the Committee.
• G4S (see 4.2)• Hargreaves Lansdown (see 4.6)
Members nominated by the Methodist
• ICAP (see 4.6)
Council were: Dr David Clough, Ms Anthea
• Intercontinental Hotels Group
Cox (to August 2008), Dr Brian Gennery,
Ms Alison Jackson (from October 2008),
• Kazakhmys (see 4.6)
Mr Kumar Jacob (to September 2008),
• Morgan Crucible (see 5.2)
Ms Rachel Lampard (from October 2009),
• Morgan Sindall (see 4.6)
Mr Gareth Mostyn (to June 2008) and Mr
• Wm Morrison (see 5.4)
Chris Moorhouse (from April 2009). One
• Nestlé (see 4.3)
place remained unfilled.
• Rexam (see 4.6)• Royal Dutch Shell (see 5.5)
Nominated by the Central Finance Board
• Ryanair (see 5.5)
(CFB) were: Dr Keith Aldred, Mr Alan Emery,
• Shire (see 4.6)
Sir Michael Partridge, Mr Bill Seddon and
• Tate & Lyle (see 4.6)
Mr Peter Thompson.
• Tesco (see 5.4 & 5.7)• Thomas Cook (see 4.6)
In attendance to facilitate the workings of
• Thyssen Krupp (see 5.2)
the Committee were: Mr Russell Sparkes
• United Business Media (see 4.6)
(Committee Secretary), Mr Stephen Beer,
• Vodafone (see 5.9
Mr Stephen Hucklesby, Mr Miles Askew,
• Wood Group (see 4.6)
and Ms Kate McNab. The Committee
gave a particular welcome to the Revd
∞ continued to play an active role in the
Winston Graham who was in attendance
Church Investors Group (see 4.7);
representing the Trustees of the Methodist
the Institutional Investors Group on
Church in Ireland for the first time.
Climate Change (see 4.6); the Carbon Disclosure Project (see 4.6); Access
The Committee noted the restructuring of
to Medicines Index (see 5.7) and
the Connexional Team resulting from the
the UN Principles for Responsible
Team Focus process and will review any
Methodist Conference Agenda
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15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
impact on the working of the Committee in
wrong. The paper also described the
general principles set out in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
3.2 Developing Greater Understanding of
and the ethical issues highlighted on the
the Committee's Work
websites of the UK's leading charities
The Committee agreed that the 2008
and UNICEF. Finally ethical issues were
popular JACEI report, Investing with
categorised by industrial sector to guide
Integrity - living in a complex and diverse
CFB ethical investment research and
world, made clear how the Committee
engagement work. Following detailed
operated and what it tried to achieve. The
scrutiny the paper was revised to
report had been circulated to Conference
incorporate a number of amendments.
representatives and sent to all district
The Committee agreed that it was a
and circuit treasurers and others with an
good basis for a CFB policy on ethical
interest in Methodist finances. It was also
investment issues involving children, with
agreed that it would be desirable to give
the next step being for the CFB to produce
it wider publicity, to facilitate small group
a Policy Statement on the issue.
The CFB also reported that staff had
At the 2008 Conference a fringe event
spoken at an Action for Children (formerly
was held to promote discussion of the
NCH) trustee workshop on ethical
Committee's work. This was in the format
investment. Discussions took place at a
of a ‘thought for the day' by David Walton,
subsequent meeting between members
the Vice-President. It was agreed that the
of the CFB and Action for Children's policy
JACEI fringe meeting had been worthwhile.
team, on child poverty, the portrayal of young people in the media, and young
(Enquiries about the Committee's work
people's access to media services. The
are encouraged, with letters to be
CFB also described the engagement work
addressed to the Committee's Chair c/o
done by the General Board of Pensions
25 Marylebone Road, London NW1 5JR, or
and Health Benefits (GBOPHB) with the
by email to: jaceichair@methodistchurch.
US retailer Wal-Mart on child labour in
4 Significant Issues
4.2 Private Security Contractors
A CFB report on G4S, previously known as
4.1 Ethical Investment Issues Involving
Group 4 Securicor, was considered. The
company had previously been excluded
The Committee considered a detailed
owing to its involvement in US prisons
CFB paper on the above subject, which
where the death penalty could be carried
attempted to identify the main ethical
out. However, following the sale of this
issues involving children, noting their
business a thorough ethical review of
essential vulnerability, in that they are
G4S had been carried out to see whether
often the first to suffer when things go
it was now ethically acceptable. A new
Methodist Conference Agenda
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15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
concern had arisen following the recent
Private contractors may employ personnel
acquisition by G4S of the private security
less well-trained than those in the armed
contractor Armor Group, which carried out
forces, under less well-developed chains
military outsourcing in combat zones. The
of command, and with less accountability.
Committee concluded that Armor Group
The use of contractors in place of military
came close to running private unregulated
personnel may therefore increase the
armies; involvement with which was
risk of inappropriate use of force in some
considered unacceptable. It therefore
areas of conflict.
advised the CFB that investment in G4S should be avoided on ethical grounds.
The CFB policy Companies with Military
Fol owing this decision the Committee
Exposure must be specifically applied
noted that private security contractors
to the provision of private military or
were not covered by the recently agreed
security services by a company. Such
Policy on Companies with Military Exposure,
services may be regarded as raising
and it was agreed that a complementary
more concern than the provision of
policy should therefore be drafted. It
offensive weapons.
subsequently agreed a Policy on Contractors Providing Military and Security Services,
For the purposes of investment, a
noting the areas of ethical concern and the
company's exposure to the provision
specific policy to be fol owed:
of private military or security services wil only be tolerated if it does not
Areas of ethical concern
form a significant proportion of its
Companies involved in providing
overal activity, is clearly conducted
private military or security services to
in a wel -regulated environment with
government, corporate, or NGO clients
clear rules of engagement subject to
may be more directly involved in armed
legal scrutiny, and is not deployed as a
conflict than companies providing
substitute for national armed forces.
military equipment or services.
4.3 Nestlé
Private military contractors may
The CFB reported that it was continuing
prevent harm and may be more
to monitor Nestlé's ethical performance
akin to police than national armies,
as requested by the 2006 Conference.
thereby raising fewer ethical concerns.
The Chair stated that the Methodist
Nevertheless, private armed forces
Youth Executive had written to him at the
do not always have clear lines of
request of the 2007 Methodist Youth
accountability and democratic control
Conference, enquiring how the shares
and can be used as substitutes for
owned by the CFB might have influenced
national forces. The application
the company's behaviour, with particular
of the Christian Just War tradition
reference to allegations of bonded child
to the use of private forces is not
labour on cocoa plantations. His reply
to the Methodist Youth Executive noted
Methodist Conference Agenda
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15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
that at a recent CFB meeting with the
becoming much more ‘family focused'
company a number of Nestlé initiatives
and that it was therefore timely to review
that seek to eliminate child slavery and
the ethical ban on owning shares in it. It
to improve conditions in the cocoa trade
also noted that BSkyB appeared open to
had been identified. It was noted that a
engagement at present.
meeting between the company and a joint Connexional Team/CFB delegation had
However, the Committee noted continuing
been held on the 26 March 2009.
ethical concerns about BSkyB related to the screening films of a pornographic
nature and gambling channels. A number
The Committee commended the CFB's
of detailed questions were raised which
decision to host a meeting to exchange
required the CFB to obtain additional
views and discuss the situation in Israel/
information from the company. The CFB
Palestine with the Church of England
research also compared BSkyB with
and three US Church investors: the
other media companies in which the
General Board of Pensions and Health
CFB invested, examining accessibility
Benefits of the United Methodist Church,
to pornographic material and gaming.
the Evangelical Lutheran Church of
The Committee agreed that it was
America and Mennonite Mutual Aid. It
important to have a consistent approach
was noted that the CFB had discussed
in providing advice on BSkyB and other
the Committee's 2007 position paper,
media companies such BT and Vodafone.
Guidelines for Constructive Corporate
Following revisions and additions to the
Engagement Related to Israel/Palestine.
original paper further discussions took place.
4.5 BSkyB
During the year the Committee devoted a
After a thorough debate the Committee
significant amount of time to discussing
agreed that the company's current gambling
the ethical suitability of BSkyB, following
exposure, 1% of group turnover, did not
the production by the CFB of a detailed
represent an area of significant ethical
paper on the company. This noted how
concern. However, this advice should
the Committee had advised the CFB in
be reviewed if turnover exceeded 5%,
1994 that the company was not suitable
as this would indicate that it may have
for investment owing to its involvement
become a strategic growth area for the
in the production of pornographic content
company. There was less agreement
through its partial ownership of the
about the company's role as a conduit of
Playboy Channel. The CFB stated that its
pornographic material, although on balance
policy was to avoid discriminating against
it was accepted that the company had
companies because of their past, but
moved forward significantly since 1994. It
to look at their present activities, and
was recognised that BSkyB was required
crucially, the direction in which they were
by law to broadcast any channel on its
moving. It believed that the company
platform subject to screening and ‘adult
had changed significantly since 1994,
content' controls. However, although BSkyB
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
no longer held any stake in the Playboy
Church on a joint project entitled Hope in
Channel it did stil own channels that
God's Future: Christian Discipleship in the
broadcast pornographic content.
Context of Climate Change, a theological assessment of climate change. It
It was suggested that whilst engagement
also considered a 2007 Conference
may be the most appropriate stance
Resolution, Caring for Creation in the
to take in future, it should involve
Face of Climate Change. It was accepted
trying to persuade BSkyB to exit from
that whilst there was increasing concern
pornography and gaming as well as
about climate change among ordinary
seeking tighter restrictions on access.
members of the Churches, little work on
The CFB commented that it was difficult
this subject had previously been produced
to engage with a company unless it was
by the mainstream UK Churches from
as a shareholder. The Committee decided
a theological perspective. In the light
that engagement with the company at a
of Hope in God's Future, produced for
senior level, preferably in collaboration
presentation to the Methodist Council,
with the Church Investors Group (CIG),
the CFB had drafted a position paper on
was necessary before considering any
climate change. Once detailed scrutiny of
alteration to its current advice. Such a
this has been completed the Committee
meeting was subsequently held in February
aims to recommend a policy statement
2009 with the Chief Executive and Finance
to the CFB as soon as possible. The
Director of the company. The Connexional
Connexional Team also reported that the
Team leadership agreed that it was
President of the Methodist Conference
appropriate for one of the four Methodist
has joined with other Church leaders in
Strategic Leaders to be included in high
urging that the UK government and the EU
profile meetings between the Methodist
commit to a stronger negotiating line on
Church and senior company executives.
targets in relation to the UN summit on
Consequently, the Secretary for Team
climate change to be held in Copenhagen
Operations as well as representatives of
in December this year. In particular UK
the CFB and Connexional Team were part
Churches have called for targets to be
of the CIG delegation. The Committee
met by domestic emission reductions
welcomed the Methodist participation in
and expressed concern that our financial
this CIG meeting, and looked forward to
support to developing countries to build
seeing positive signs of change from the
low-carbon economies should not allow
company in the areas of concern.
us to buy out of progress on domestic emission reductions.
4.6 Climate Change
The Committee agreed that this was an
The Committee highlighted a number
extremely important issue that needed
of initiatives already being taken by the
to be given a high priority on its agenda.
CFB which addressed various aspect
The Committee noted the work done by
of climate change. It was noted that
the Methodist Church, the Baptist Union
the CFB had been a signatory to every
of Great Britain, and the United Reformed
round of the Carbon Disclosure Project,
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
and had written to all companies held
broad overview and it was important not
by the CFB that had not participated in
to attach too much weight to individual
the (CDP 6) questionnaire. Letters to
numbers. The Committee agreed that the
FTSE 100 companies were sent in the
most important action is to engage with
name of the Church Investors Group:
companies to encourage a reduction in
Antofagasta, ICAP, Intercontinental Hotels
their carbon footprint, with the next stage
Group, Kazakhmys, Rexam, Shire and
being to utilise the Trucost data once a
Thomas Cook. The CFB wrote directly
policy on climate change has been agreed.
to Aggreko, Aveva Group, Beazley Group, Dignity, Charter International, Forth Ports,
4.7 The Church Investors Group (CIG)
Hargreaves Lansdown, International Hotels
The Committee noted the continuing
Group, Morgan Sindall, Tate & Lyle, United
work done by CIG, an initiative aimed
Business Media and Wood Group. The
at enabling the Churches of Britain and
replies received to date were noted by the
Ireland to present an ecumenical approach
Committee. The Committee also noted
when dealing with companies on ethical
the growing acceptance and influence of
issues, and in making related public
the CDP process.
statements. The Committee commended a paper commissioned by CIG on usury
The CFB reported on the work of the
as providing a theological examination
Institutional Investors Group on Climate
of a complex modern problem. It first
Change (IIGCC) of which it is an active
provided an outline of biblical teaching
member. During the year IIGCC produced
on usury, moved on to examine the
a trustees' guide to the impact of climate
development of Church teaching, before
change on property investment. It also
seeking to relate them to contemporary
submitted a statement to the UN Poznan
investment issues. Two areas of concern
conference on climate change stressing
were identified; home credit (door step
investor concern that the Copenhagen
lending) and sub-prime secured lending.
summit must draw up a replacement for
The research concluded that home credit
the Kyoto Protocol which expires at the
represented a usurious form of lending
end of 2012.
that disproportionately affected the disadvantaged, whilst other forms
Work was carried out investigating the
of sub-prime were not necessarily
feasibility of quantifying the carbon
footprint of the CFB UK Equity portfolio. Having assessed various services, Trucost
CIG issued a Policy Statement with Respect
was commissioned to produce analysis.
to Sudan, which deplored the current
It was noted that the Trucost service
situation in the Sudan, urged all parties
was not limited to carbon dioxide and
to work for constructive engagement, and
would provide an equivalent measure for
welcomed the contribution made by the
other gases such as methane that posed
Sudan Divestment Movement. In-depth
a threat to the environment. The CFB
reports on the Future of Nuclear Power and
cautioned that the work would only give a
Shell's tar sands project, both produced
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
on behalf of the Church of England, were
non-drinking water supplies, were found to
made available to CIG members.
contain pollution consistent with mining. Anglo American subsequently fenced
It was also noted that the CFB and
off these sites. In addition to the CIG
members of the Committee had
meeting the CFB participated in a meeting
participated in a number of CIG
between the company and members of the
engagement initiatives:
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative investors group.
∞ Meeting with Chief Executive of EDF
Energy, the UK subsidiary of the
The Committee also noted that the SRI
French electric utility EDF, to discuss
portion of the Norwegian state pension
the issue of building new nuclear
fund had sold its shares in Rio Tinto over
power stations in the UK;
concerns about the Grasberg mine. The
∞ Meeting with Chairman of Anglo
CFB had discussed these concerns with
American to discuss key issues
the company previously and will do so
related to the company's sustainable
again in the coming year. A CFB report
development performance;
on the European company Arcelor Mittal,
∞ Marks & Spencer and Unilever both
a large steel and mining company, was
made presentations to members on
considered, noting that the CFB held
their approach to corporate social
shares in Arcelor Mittal via the Epworth
responsibility. Given the significant
European Equity Fund. Two main areas for
operations Unilever has in India, the
concern were identified: health and safety
issue of caste discrimination was
and consultation with local communities.
It was agreed that the next step should be to obtain further information from the
4.8 Investment in Mining Companies
company regarding these issues before
There was regular contact with Anglo
considering future action.
American over the year in relation to allegations raised by the NGO, Action Aid,
4.9 The CFB Ethical Review
on health and safety, local communities,
The Committee highlighted the importance
and water pollution. Management
of the CFB Ethical Performance Review,
had stressed the high commitment
which allowed trustee bodies to meet the
to safety by the new CEO, and had
legal requirement to ascertain whether
given detailed answers on the other
their investments were managed in
questions. Subsequent independent
accordance with their SRI policy. The
water quality tests found that neither a
CFB voting record, ethical overview of UK
school supply nor other drinking water
sectors, list of ethically excluded European
supplies mentioned by Action Aid were
and UK companies (approx 8% of Eurofirst
contaminated by mining pollution. Other
300 ex UK Index and 13% of FTSE All
forms of pollution did exist, arising
Share Index, respectively) and minutes
perhaps from poor sewerage. Two sites,
of the monthly CFB ethics meeting were
which Anglo American states are used for
all noted. After several years in which
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
the ethical policy had hurt investment
missiles. More general humanitarian
returns, the ethically adjusted index had
concerns arose from the Israeli Navy's
outperformed the FTSE All Share Index by
blockade of Gaza in order to prevent
0.8% in 2008. A significant number of
arms imports but which also curtailed
CFB reports on individual companies were
Palestinian fishing. The Committee
received during the year (see section 2.2).
advised that as there was sufficient
The CFB reported on its regular dialogue
reason to believe that these submarines
with the GBOPHB, manager of the core
could be used as nuclear weapons
CFB US portfolio, on a variety of ethical
platforms it clearly ruled out investment in
issues. It had not proved possible to find
Thyssen Krupp on ethical grounds. (Note
a suitable ethical fund for Continental
also section 4.2.)
European equities, and consequently an ethical index tracker fund had been
The CFB examined a number of companies
established, operated by Barclays Global
in relation to their military exposure using
Investors but with the ethical screen
the framework provided by the Policy on
supplied by the CFB.
Companies with Military Exposure:
5 Regular Reporting Items
∞ Dassault Systemes, a producer of
shipbuilding design software with
5.1 Alcohol and Tobacco
no apparent link with any nuclear
The CFB reported that historically the
weapons platforms. The military
French luxury goods company Compagnie
exposure was insufficient reason for
Financiere Richemont had been excluded
ethical exclusion and the fact that
on ethical grounds due to holding a large
it was 50% owned by the defence
stake in British American Tobacco (BAT).
contractor, Dassault Aviation, was not
However, after restructuring, the company
regarded as relevant. The Committee
had now sold its stake in BAT and the
confirmed the CFB's view that there
Committee agreed that it should therefore
was insufficient cause for ethical
be deleted from the European ethically
excluded list.
∞ Morgan Crucible, a UK engineer, took
a controlling stake in NP Aerospace,
a company specialising in producing
The Committee considered a CFB briefing
parts for the defence and aerospace
note on the diversified German engineering
industries, which include body and
and engineering company Thyssen Krupp,
vehicle armour protection. Following
whose shipbuilding division represented
the acquisition revenues derived from
3.9% of the total group including
military sales were likely to jump from
submarines. Of particular concern were
5% to over 15%. The Committee
three Dolphin-class submarines built
advised that it should be excluded
for the Israeli navy. There were credible
from investment.
although unproven allegations that these
∞ Bodycote, a UK engineer, had been
submarines could carry nuclear cruise
contacted due to concerns over
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
the company's military exposure.
by the company of UK farmers, a point
However, it had confirmed that none
also reaffirmed for Ireland. Allegations
of Bodycote's facilities operated
relating to supply chain concerns made
specifically for the manufacture
by War on Want against Tesco, ASDA, and
of weapons or ammunition. The
Primark, and by both Panorama and the
Committee confirmed the CFB's view
Observer against Primark were noted.
that there was insufficient cause for
There was particular concern that Primark,
ethical exclusion.
a subsidiary of Associated British Foods (ABF), had been singled out three times.
The Committee was also pleased to note
The CFB decision to engage with ABF
the signing of the UN Convention on
was endorsed by the Committee. The
Cluster Munitions.
Committee noted the correspondence between the CFB and Morrison
5.3 Corporate Governance and
Supermarkets over the latter's improved
social responsibility performance.
The CFB reported on the Barclays EGM, and explained that while the CFB was
not happy with the way the company had
A joint CFB/Connexional Team delegation
ignored shareholders' pre-emption rights,
met with Royal Dutch Shell. Subjects
it had voted in favour of the resolution.
discussed included the company's
CFB staff had participated in a meeting
approach to Global Corporate
between BP and members of the Extractive
Responsibility, Health and Safety and the
Industries Transparency Initiative investors
Corrib gas project. A follow-up meeting
group. The CFB's decision to become a
with the company on Nigeria was to be
signatory to a letter from the UN Principles
arranged. A press article concerning
for Responsible Investment (PRI) calling
Canadian Tar sands and the environmental
for improved US corporate governance was
damage caused by their extraction and
noted. In 2008 the CFB voted against 20
processing were considered. The CFB
resolutions authorising the appointment/
also participated in a PRI internet-based
reappointment of auditors and against 74
debate on Shell's proposed expansion
remuneration reports with a further 33
in Canadian oil sands, which was feared
to have a major negative environmental impact. However, it was believed that the
5.4 Supply Chain Issues (including Debt
rapid decline in the oil price put a question
Relief and Fair Trade)
mark over the commercial viability of
A CFB briefing note on supply chains
the project. It was noted that ECCR had
was noted. The decision by Tesco to
produced a new report on Shell and that
stop sourcing products from Zimbabwe
it planned to bring a resolution relating
was noted, as were allegations of poor
to the company's operations in the Artic
employment practices by Tesco in the
Beaufort and Chukchi seas. An ECCR
US. The Committee expressed its
report on corporate water usage was also
continuing unease about the treatment
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
5.6 Gambling
had decided to vote for the resolution in
The only significant discussion under this
line with its position on animal welfare
heading during the year was in relation
having met with both the company and
to BSkyB (section 4.5). The Committee
with the television company promoting
also commended the public criticisms
the resolution. It was noted that cheap
by the Connexional Team of government
chickens were an important source of
proposals to relax gambling regulations.
animal protein for poor families.
5.7 Medical and Food Safety Issues
5.8 Human Rights
The CFB reported that it had contacted
A project proposal for or from the Joint
GlaxoSmithkline (GSK) over allegations the
Public Issues Team to examine Human
company had failed to publicise adverse
Rights and the Corporate Sector was
safety information on its Paxil/Seroxat
noted. The Committee welcomed the
antidepressant drug. However, it was
prospect of structured theologically-based
noted that that the conclusions of the
work on the subject. The Committee
meta-analysis, on which the criticisms
noted that the CFB had voted together with
were based, were not particularly
the GBOPHB in favour of Resolutions for
robust. The Committee considered
the Chevron Annual General Meeting on
correspondence between the CFB and GSK
human rights with particular reference to
over allegations of delays in publication
Burma/Myanmar. The Committee noted
of drug testing results, and it agreed that
that continuing work was being carried out
the company had provided a thorough
on the subject of caste discrimination, and
and extensive reply to the CFB, which
considered the Dalit Solidarity Network
constituted a satisfactory response to
report entitled: Another Apartheid? The
the CFB's concerns. It was noted that
CFB reported that the CIG Statement on
publication of clinical trial results of
Sudan had been used to satisfy concerns
this kind were likely to take up to six
expressed by a member of the Lay
months although there was currently no
Employees Pension Scheme in connection
legal obligation to publish results in any
with companies operating in the Sudan.
particular time frame. New legislation was being put in place which would tighten
5.9 Media
up procedures in this respect. A revised
Work in this area was dominated by BSkyB
version of the Access to Medicines
(see section 4.5). The CFB reported
Index to which the CFB is a signatory was
that it had engaged with Vodafone on the
subject of additional protection for children by age profiling.
The Committee considered a Special Shareholder Resolution for the Tesco Annual General Meeting instructing
Tesco to adopt the ‘five freedoms' for
The CFB reported that apart from the
battery chickens as part of its animal
GBOPHB it had met and corresponded
welfare policy. The CFB reported that it
with overseas Church bodies: Glebe Asset
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
15. Joint Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment
Management, Uniting Church of Australia,
EIRIS Foundation (Trustee Board member).
the Evangelical Lutheran Church of
Other contacts included the Ecumenical
America, Mennonite Church in Canada, the
Council for Corporate Responsibility and
Church of Sweden, and the Dutch Pastors
UKSIF. It also used the services of Ethical
Pension Fund. It was also actively involved
Investment Research Services (EIRIS),
in: the Church Investors Group (Steering
PIRC and Trucost.
Committee member - see section 4.7); the Institutional Investors Group on Climate
6 Conclusion
Change, the Carbon Disclosure Project, UN
The Committee judges that the CFB has
Principles for Responsible Investment, the
managed the funds under its control in
Access to Medicines Index, the Extractive
accordance with the aims of the Methodist
Industries Transparency Initiative and the
The Conference received the Report.
Methodist Conference Agenda
2009
Source: http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/conf09-15-jacei-201109.pdf
3/25/2005 4:38 PM A Prescription for Change: How the Medicare Act Revises Hatch-Waxman to Speed Market Entry of Generic Drugs Stephanie Greene* The Drug Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly known as the Hatch-Waxman Act ("Hatch-Waxman" or "Hatch-Waxman Act"), was passed to bring generic drugs to market more quickly. While recognizing the need to maintain incentives for pioneer research and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, Hatch-Waxman greatly benefits the generic drug industry by providing a method for expedited review and approval of generic products by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Although Hatch-Waxman has been successful in substantially increasing generic competition, evidence suggests that manufacturers of brand-name drugs have discovered loopholes in the Act and have engaged in tactics to "game the system" to prolong the life of patents, thereby delaying the market entry of generic competitors. Generic manufacturers have also been accused of abusing provisions of Hatch-Waxman to the detriment of competitors and consumers. Provisions of the Act may tempt generic manufacturers to enter into collusive agreements with brand-name manufacturers. In December of 2003, President Bush signed into law the Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act of 2003. Title XI of the Act amends Hatch-Waxman, in an effort to close loopholes that delay the market entry of generic drugs. The new legislation implements two major changes in the Hatch-Waxman process of generic drug approval and patent challenges. First, the law prevents the innovator drug patentee from filing multiple patents with the FDA, in the hopes of triggering Hatch-Waxman's thirty-month stay provision. When a generic applicant seeks FDA approval of its product and claims that its product will not infringe a patent or that the patent is invalid, an innovator that files a patent infringement suit is granted an automatic thirty-month stay of FDA approval. This provision has enticed innovators to list with the FDA those patents that may not properly claim the drug in question. The improper listing of patents has allowed innovators to stack successive thirty-month stays to delay market entry of generic competition. The new legislation allows an innovator the benefit of only one thirty-month stay per generic applicant per drug. Second, the law prevents collusive agreements between innovator and generic manufacturers as well as such agreements between generic manufacturers that might delay market entry of generic products. The first generic applicant that challenges an innovator's patent and receives FDA approval is entitled to 180 days of market exclusivity under Hatch-Waxman. Subsequent generic applicants may not receive FDA approval for their products until this 180-day exclusivity period has run. New provisions in the law subject agreements that relate to the 180-day exclusivity period to FTC scrutiny. Furthermore, new provisions ensure timely market entry of generic products by specifically enumerating incidents that trigger the
Frequently asked questions: Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease at UCSF Contents When should one consider surgical therapy? For patients with early Parkinson's disease, levodopa (sinemet) and other antiparkinsonian medications are usually effective for maintaining a good quality of life. As the disorder progresses, however, medications can produce disabling side effects. Many patients on long-term levodopa develop troublesome dyskinesias, excessive movements that often cause the limbs and body to writhe or jump. In addition, their dose