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Stock Report 1-October-2016 Ticker: UCB BB
UCB SA
S&P Capital IQ Recommendation
12-Mo. Target Price
EUR 68.83 (as of 30-September-2016)
S&P Capital IQ Equity Analyst Jit Hoong Chan
GICS Sector Health Care
Summary UCB combines traditional synthetic chemistry and biotechnology approaches
in targeting central nervous system (CNS), notably epilepsy, and immune & inflammatory
Key Stock Statistics (Source: S&P Capital IQ, company reports)
EUR 62.26 - 85.55 S&P EPS 2016E
EUR 3.16 Yield (%)
Trailing 12-Month EPS
EUR 1.37 S&P EPS 2017E
EUR 3.48 Dividend Rate/Share
Trailing 12-Month P/E (x)
50.9 Common Shares Outstg. (M)
188.26 Beta
P/E on S&P EPS 2016E
21.8 Market Capitalisation (M)
EUR 12,957.6
Qualitative Risk Assessment
30-Week Mov. Avg.
12-Mo. Target Price
Volume Above Avg.
10-Week Mov. Avg.
Our risk assessment reflects the defensive
pharma merits but ongoing challenges of
replacing off-patent Zyrtec and Keppra with a
new generation of products, needing regulatory
and market acceptance, notably Vimpat and
Rikelta (epilepsy), Neupro (Parkinson's disease)
and Cimzia (Crohn's disease, arthritis).
S&P Capital IQ Quality Ranking
Revenues / Earnings Data
Past performance is not an indication of future performance and should not be relied upon as such.
Revenues (Million EUR)
Analysis prepared by Equity Analyst
Jit Hoong Chan on 29-Jul-2016.
f UCB's 1H 2016 top-line (EUR2.0 billion) rose
f Our recommendation is Hold. We remain
5% at constant exchange rates (CER). In
concerned of a sharp fall in UCB's off patent
Immunology, Cimzia (EUR602 million) grew 24%
products, notably Keppra which now makes
CER, supported by strong demand globally.
up 18% of sales - it lost exclusivity in the
As for Neurology, Vimpat (EUR379 million)
U.S. (Nov. 2008) and Europe (Sept. 2010). On a
and Neupro (EUR143 million) expanded 18%
more positive note, we observed increasing
and 12% CER respectively. However, Keppra
focus in Immunology and Neurology drugs,
(EUR354 million) fell 7% CER due to lower
post divesting its generics unit, Kremers
restocking activities. We are now looking
Urban for USD1.2 billion to Lannett Company
Earnings Per Share (EUR)
forward to the launch of Romosozumab as we
in November 2014. Thus far, the redeployment
believe this will be the next key growth driver
of capital from this divestment bode well for
for UCB, after posting a positive set of Phase III
UCB - Cimzia, Vimpat & Neupro (CVN) have
results. For 2016, UCB is guiding: (i) revenue to
been showing strong sales growth and now the
come in at EUR4.0-4.1 billion, (ii) core EBITDA in
trio makes up 56% of total revenue. Further,
the range of EUR0.97-1.01 billion, and (iii) core
promising drug pipeline like Romosozumab
EPS in between EUR2.90- 3.20. In our opinion,
(a treatment for bone-related conditions,
these targets are achievable given the robust
including osteoporosis) is a boon as well. We
sales traction seen so far into the year.
continue to see strong demand for these drugs,
which in turn, fend off slower sales in Keppra
Fiscal year ended 31 Dec.
f In 1H 2016, core EBITDA (EUR549 million) and
and Zyrtec (both facing generic competition).
EBIT (EUR432 million) rose 11% and 18% CER.
Dividend Data
In turn, this lifted respective margins up by
f Downside risks to our opinion and target
3-4%-pts to 27% and 21%. This was primarily
price include: (i) weak demand for CVN, (ii)
due to lower opex like: (i) R&D -2% CER and (ii)
rising competition from generics, (iii) slow
G&A -11% CER, which mitigated the increase
progress in Phase III clinical trials, (iv) weak
in marketing activities (+6% CER). For 2016
growth in the U.S. market, (v) deterioration in
and 2017, we expect margins to improve
operational efficiency, and (iv) currency volatility
further on the back of restructuring and cost
leading to potential forex translation losses.
efficiencies. By end-2018, management hopes
to achieve core EBITDA margin of 30%.
f Our 12-month target price is kept at EUR80,
reflecting 23.0x 2017 P/E. This is in line with its
f With better margin prospects, we forecast
10-year average of 23.3x but above peers at
quicker earnings growth in 2016 and 2017 (1H
Source: Company reports.
20.7x. The premium, we believe is appropriate
2016: EUR1.72, +34% CER). Net debt was EUR1.4
given UCB's strong sales growth (projected
billion in 1H 2016 vs. EUR1.8 billion in 1H 2015
2015-2017 CAGR of 7.1% vs. 3.8% historically
due to stronger FCF generation. In 2015, a final
Past performance is not an indication of future per-
from 2010-2015), especially from CVN coupled
DPS of EUR1.10 was declared (+4%).
formance and should not be relied upon as such.
with promising drug pipeline like Romosozumab.
Share Prices as of the Market close (16.30) on the
price-date quoted, unless otherwise stated at the
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Stock Report 1-October-2016 Ticker: UCB BB
UCB SA
Business Summary 18-July-2016
CORPORATE OVERVIEW: UCB Group, founded in 1928, is a Belgium-based global biopharmaceutical
company listed on the Euronext. Originally a chemical company, the success of Zyrtec (an antihistamine
Allée de la Recherche, 60
drug) helped to establish its pharmaceutical business. The acquisition of Celltech for EUR2.3 billion along
with the divestments of Specialty Films in 2004 and Chemicals in 2005 turned UCB to become a pure
pharma company. Also, since the acquisition of Schwarz Pharma for EUR4.4 billion in 2006, UCB has shifted focus towards the central nervous system (CNS) and the immunology therapeutic areas. The company had previously expanded its reach to pre-clinical oncology through a strategic alliance in 2009 with Wilex
AG, a company specializing in the development of drugs and diagnostic agents for cancer. However, the
partnership was dissolved given the lack of clinical trial breakthroughs.
In 2015, UCB's revenues of EUR3.9 billion (+9% CER) comprised of net sales (EUR3.5 billion, +12%), royalty
income and fees (EUR176 million, +0%), and other revenues (EUR188 million, -27%). Geographically, North America accounted for 47% of 2015 net sales, Europe 33%, Japan 6%, and International Markets 14%. Due
to the nature of UCB's therapeutic focus on CNS and Immunology, its Emerging Market exposure is much smaller than that of major pharmaceutical companies. To note, growth platforms (Cimzia, Vimpat, and
Neupro or CVN) which generated more than 50% of sales rose 23% CER in 2015 - Cimzia makes up 28% of
sales, Vimpat 18%, and Neupro 7%. Also, 19% of sales was derived from off patent anti-epileptic drug, Keppra (EUR737 million, +2% CER). CORPORATE STRATEGY: To mitigate generic erosion, UCB depends on the contribution from its three core brands - Cimzia (2015: EUR1.1 billion, +21% CER) for rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, Vimpat (EUR679 million, +26%), an adjuvant to Keppra for epilepsy and seizures, and Neupro (EUR258 million, +22%) for Parkinsons's disease and Restless Legs Syndrome. The company expects peak sales of EUR3.1 billion for these products (EUR1.5 billion, EUR1.2 billion, and EUR400 million respectively) by the end of the decade vs. their collective 2015 net sales of EUR2.0 billion. CATALYSTS: With the launch of Romosozumab (a treatment for bone-related conditions, including osteoporosis), we believe this will be the next key growth driver for UCB, after posting a positive set of Phase III results. On sales front, the label extension to Cimzia should help to maintain growth at a fast clip. Further, we observed increasing focus in Immunology and Neurology drugs, post divesting its generics unit, Kremers Urban Pharmaceuticals for USD1.2 billion to Lannett Company in November 2014. Thus far, the redeployment of capital from this divestment boded well for UCB where CVN have been showing
strong sales growth. FINANCIAL TRENDS: UCB's financial performance has been fairly muted since 2009, where revenue and core EPS grew only at a 6-year CAGR of 4%. This was due to the patent loss of blockbuster drugs, Zyrtec (2008) and Keppra (2011). That said, hopes of high single digit organic top-line growth rest on their top 3 drugs (CVN) achieving their guided peak sales along with successful pipeline development. To note, UCB's
gross margin of 70% is low given competition from generics but should recover as UCB becomes a pure play biotech company. We think net debt will continue to shrink in 2016 (2015: EUR921 million) on the back
of a FCF generation of EUR400 million p.a. vs. EUR200 million of cash mobilized as annual dividends.
Officers
CEO & Dir
Frédéric Doliveux
CFO & EVP of Finance
Detlef Thielgen
EVP of Global Operations
William Robinson
Senior VP of US Operations
Board of Directors
Karel Boone
Frédéric Doliveux
Countess de Bergendal
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Stock Report 1-October-2016 Ticker: UCB BB
UCB SA
Key Growth Rates and Averages
Past Growth Rate (%)
Expanded Ratio Analysis
Ratio Analysis (Annual Avg.)
% LT Debt to Capitalization
Return on Equity (%)
Avg. Diluted Shares Outstg. (M)
Figures based on current price.
For further clarification on the terms used in this report, please visit http://www.spcapitaliq.com/stockreportguide/
Company Financials Fiscal Year ending 31-Dec
Per share data (EUR)
Tangible Book Value
Income Statement Analysis (Million EUR)
Revenues
Operating Profit (EBIT)
Capex/Depreciation (%)
Balance Sheet & Other Fin. Data (Million EUR)
Cash
Current Liabilities
Shareholder Funds
Capital Expenditure
Return on Assets (%)
Return on Equity (%)
NA- Not Available. NM- Not Meaningful. E- Estimated. Source: S&P Capital IQ Equity Research; Company Reports
Company financials data are based on figures as reported, except for EPS and EV/EBIT, which are S&P adjusted.
DPS, BVPS and related ratios (e.g. dividend yield and ROE) are based on consensus estimates.
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Stock Report 1-October-2016 Ticker: UCB BB
UCB SA
Month-end Price Performance as of 31-Aug-16
The healthcare area comprises industries which
sales of biologics (biotech drugs) will outgrow the
supply a range of medical goods and services to
overall pharmaceuticals market (currently
hospitals along with other providers of
dominated by chemical molecules) due to its
healthcare, like pharmacies and other drug
predominance in high-growth therapeutic areas
retailers. These industries include the
(oncology & immunology), by generating a larger
manufacture and provision of Healthcare
proportion of new drug launches. Besides, we
Equipment & Services and the manufacture of
expect more JVs and bolt-on acquisitions with an
Pharmaceuticals, together with the Biotechnology
increasing exposure to consumer health and
and Life Sciences industries. Essentially, we see
emerging markets rather than diversification into
rising demand for healthcare in the U.S. and
generics. However, we remain cautious on the
Europe from favourable demographics (i.e. ageing
knock-on impact of the ‘patent cliff' (major patent
populations) and a growing demand for
expiries) lingering through to 2018, accompanied
healthcare provision in emerging markets driven
by generic competition, prompting large-branded
by economic growth. That said, we have a neutral
pharma to accelerate pipeline developments.
view on the overall European healthcare sector.
-- Jit Hoong Chan
For the Healthcare Equipment & Services
sub-industry, it is made up of suppliers of medical technology equipment, patient aids and other
healthcare supplies. The sector is characterized
by product innovation with a focus on specific treatment areas but with a lower R&D cost as a
percentage of sales (at typically mid-single digit)
S&P Europe 350 Index
vs. the pharmaceutical industry. Product areas
S&P Europe 350 - Health Care Index
include ostomy and continence care markets, the aesthetic treatment care segment (e.g. dental
Past performance is not an indication of future per-
implants), eye care, cardiovascular surgery
formance and should not be relied upon as such.
consumables, and the orthopaedic implants area. Nevertheless, we observed tepid sales expansion in this space due to rising price-based competition and limited scope to acquire inorganic growth - we expect these to persist into 2016. Also, we see trends of patients' preference for fewer doctor visits and the increased use of minimally invasive surgery helping to reduce treatment time. Whereas for Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology, and Life Sciences sub-sectors, we believe global
Peer Group: UCB SA - Peer Group
Peer Group
Stk. Mkt. Ret. on
1.8 12,958 (M)
NA- Not Available. NM- Not Meaningful. Source: S&P Capital IQ Equity Research.
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Stock Report 1-October-2016 Ticker: UCB BB
UCB SA
S&P Capital IQ Analyst Research Notes and other Company News
S&P GLOBAL MAINTAINS HOLD ON UCB - 1H 2016 RESULTS BEAT
S&P CAPITAL IQ MAINTAINS SELL ON UCB – STRONG CVN FRANCHISES
EXPECTATIONS, CORE EPS SURGED 34% (UCB BB, CURRENT PRICE: EUR70.94
RESULTS BUT FURTHER SHARE APPRECIATION HINGES ON CLINICAL DATA
AS OF 27-JUL-2016, ***)
IN Q1 16 (UCB BB, CURRENT PRICE: EUR72.20 AS OF 04-AUG-2015, **)
We retain our 12-month target price at EUR80, implying 23.0x 2017 P/E. This is
We raise our 12-month target price to EUR66 (EUR58.00) which is a FY 15
in line with its 10-year average of 23.3x but above peers at 20.7x. The premium,
we believe is appropriate given UCB's strong sales growth (projected 2015-
33x PE ratio, against a 5-year average of 22.3x, justified by the future higher
2017 CAGR of 7.1% vs. 3.8% historically from 2010-2015), especially from
revenues thanks to UCB ramp-up of its 3 main drugs and pipeline. We
Cimzia, Vimpat, and Neupro (CVN) coupled with promising drug pipeline like
nudge up our sales estimate for FY 15 by 1% and for FY 16 by 3% to account
Romosozumab. In 1H 2016, UCB's results were ahead of expectations. Hence,
for stronger growth of the CVN franchises. We keep our EPS estimates
we raise our 2016 and 2017 EPS forecasts to EUR3.16 (EUR2.95) and EUR3.48
unchanged as UCB continues to spend high levels in R&D. H1 15 key features
(EUR3.28) on higher margin assumption. At constant exchange rates (CER),
were the continuing outperformance of the CVN trio, now representing 55% of
revenue (EUR2.0 billion) rose 5% while core EPS (EUR1.72) surged 34%. This
product sales at EUR942 mln, up 40% or 23% at constant exchange rate (CER).
was due to cost efficiencies, which boosted profit margins. With the good
Cymzia sales rose 31% CER to EUR 490 mln, thanks to broadened patient
set of performance, UCB kept its 2016 outlook unchanged where it expects
access in the US (sales up 25% CER). Vimpat sales rose 27% CER to EUR 323
revenue and core EPS to grow by 3-6% and 34-47%, respectively. However,
mln while Neupro sales rose 18% CER to EUR129 mln. Even Keppra saw sales
we see share price upside being capped by its premium valuation and low
growth of 2% CER despite generics pressure. We are now waiting for the
dividend yield ( 2%). /J. Chan
phase III data for Romosozumab. A positive release is needed to justify the
share price, we believe. /J. Jarmoszko, CFA
S&P CAPITAL IQ MAINTAINS HOLD ON UCB - 1Q 2016 SALES ROSE 9%,
GUIDANCE KEPT AS BRIGHT OUTLOOK INTACT (UCB BB, CURRENT PRICE:
S&P CAPITAL IQ MAINTAINS SELL ON UCB – PHASE III FAILURE
EUR72.31 AS OF 22-APR-2016, ***)
TERMINATES HOPES OF EPRATUZUMAB AS A BLOCKBUSTER (UCB BB,
Our 12-month target price is kept at EUR80, reflecting 27.1x 2016 P/E. This is
above its 5-year average of 26.0x and its peers at 18.4x. In our opinion, the
CURRENT PRICE: EUR69.50 AS OF 27-JUL-2015, **)
premium is fair considering UCB's strong sales growth (projected 2015-
We maintain our 12-month target price of EUR58 on UCB, which is a FY 15
2017 CAGR of 7.1% vs. 3.8% historically from 2010-2015), especially from
29x PE ratio vs. a 5-year average of 22.3x. This is explained by the future
Cimzia, Vimpat, and Neupro (CVN) coupled with promising drug pipeline
higher revenues thanks to UCB ramp-up of its 3 main drugs and pipeline. UCB
like Romosozumab. With UCB's 1Q 2016 results meeting expectations, our
announced that the phase III study of Epratuzumab, a potential treatment
forecasts were left unchanged. At constant exchange rates (CER), top-line
for systemic lupus erythematosus, affecting up to 100,000 people worldwide,
(EUR991 million) rose 9%. On a product basis, the good showing was driven by
was discontinued due to poor data. While a setback due to peak sales
CVN (+22-28% CER). However, this was mitigated by Keppra which registered
expectations at EUR1.2 bln by 2025, the drug was the perceived highest risk
weak sales performance (-10% CER). All in, the outlook for 2016 remains intact
candidate in the pipeline. UCB has two crucial upcoming drugs: Brivaricetam
where UCB expects its revenue and core EPS to grow by 3-6% and 34-47%,
(expected peak sales of $600 mln), a follow-up to Keppra in Epilepsy and
respectively - we believe the targets are achievable given that the sales
Romosozumab, a treatment for Osteoporosis (expected peak sales of $2
ramp-up of CVN remains strong. /J. Chan
bln). We do not cut our near term revenue forecasts but cut our FY 15 EPS
by 10% (to EUR1.80) to reflect the upcoming impairment charge. We remain
unconvinced by the safety data of Romosozumab (data expected Q1 16),
S&P CAPITAL IQ MAINTAINS HOLD ON UCB - 2015 RESULTS BEAT
hence our cautious rating. /J. Jarmoszko, CFA
EXPECTATIONS, UPBEAT OUTLOOK FOR 2016 (UCB BB, CURRENT PRICE:
EUR71.36 AS OF 25-FEB-2016, ***)
We revise up 12-month target price to EUR80 (EUR71), representing 27.1x 2016
P/E. This is in line with its 5-year mean of 26.4x but above peers at 18.1x. We
S&P CAPITAL IQ MAINTAINS UCB AS SELL – GOOD Q1 15 GROWTH BUT
believe the premium is warranted considering UCB's strong sales growth
VALUATION LOOKING STRETCHED (UCB BB, CURRENT PRICE: EUR64.00 AS
(projected 2015-2017 CAGR of 9.8% vs. 4.2% historically from 2010-2015),
OF 30-APR-2015 16:29 BST, **)
especially from Cimzia, Vimpat, and Neupro coupled with promising drug
UCB's Q1 15 sales were ahead of Capital IQ consensus, with 19% reported
pipeline like Romosozumab. We raise our 2016 EPS forecast to EUR2.95
growth boosted by an 8% currency tailwind from the weaker EUR. UCB's
(EUR2.55) on higher sales assumptions. Also, UCB's 2015 results beat
newer "blockbuster" drugs (known collectively as "CVN" and aimed at
expectations. At constant exchange rates (CER), both revenue (EUR3.9 billion)
diseases related to inflammatory Tumor Necrosis Factor, epilepsy and
and core EPS (EUR2.17) grew by 9%. However, core EBITDA accelerated at a
Parkinson's disease) contributed 49% of the company's Q1 15 sales and grew
quicker pace (+18% CER) due to under-proportional opex growth. A final DPS
by around 20% at constant exchange rates, we estimate. Keppra (UCB's older
of EUR1.10 was proposed (+4%). For 2016, UCB is guiding revenue and core
epilepsy drug which is now off-patent) formed 21% of Q1 15 sales and grew by
EPS to grow by 3-6% and 34-47%, respectively. While this is encouraging,
4%. UCB's remaining drug portfolio saw a sales decline at constant exchange
we see share price upside being capped by its premium valuation and low
rates, we estimate, although the company has its four key drugs in Phase 3
dividend yield ( 2%). /J. Chan
testing or has filed for approval for new therapeutic applications. We lower
our 12-month target price to EUR58 (EUR66), representing a FY 15E P/E of 29x
versus UCB's 3-year average historic of 22.4x, and keep our Sell (**) with the
S&P CAPITAL IQ RAISES UCB TO HOLD FROM SELL - STRONG 9M 2015
shares 10% above our target. UCB's current FY 15E P/E of 32x looks stretched,
SALES, UPWARD REVISION IN 2015 GUIDANCE (UCB BB, CURRENT PRICE:
in our view. /C. Short
EUR71.52 AS OF 27-OCT-2015, ***)
We raise UCB to Hold with a 12-month target price of EUR71 (EUR66), implying
27.8x 2016 P/E. This is in line with peer at 27.5x but above its 5-year average of
22.4x. In our opinion, the premium is fair, justified by its strong sales growth,
especially from Cimzia, Vimpat and Neupro (CVN) coupled with promising
drug pipeline like Romosozumab (a treatment for bone loss disorders).
Our forecasts were left unchanged as UCB's 9M 2015 sales were within
expectations. Top-line (EUR2.8 billion) surged 19% on positive currency impact
while at constant exchange rates (CER), revenue rose 12%. Demand for CVN
(51% of total sales) continues to be robust with sales growth of 24% CER. We
note that management revised up its 2015 guidance: (i) revenue to come in
at EUR3.75 billion (EUR3.65-3.75 billion), (ii) core EBITDA of EUR800 million
(EUR710-740 million), and (iii) core EPS in the range of EUR2.00-2.10 (EUR1.90-
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Stock Report 1-October-2016 Ticker: UCB BB
UCB SA
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S&P Capital IQ Equity Research – S&P Capital IQ Equity Research U.S.
includes Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory Services LLC; Standard
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STARS Stock Reports:
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Abbreviations Used in S&P Capital IQ Equity Research Reports
CAGR- Compound Annual Growth Rate;
CAPEX- Capital Expenditures;
CY- Calendar Year;
DCF- Discounted Cash Flow;
DDM– Dividend Discount
Model;
EBIT- Earnings Before Interest and Taxes;
EBITDA - Before
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EPS- Earnings Per Share;
EV- Enterprise Value;
FCF- Free Cash Flow;
FFO- Funds From Operations;
FY- Fiscal Year;
P/E- Price/Earnings;
P/NAV- Price to Net Asset Value;
PEG
Ratio- P/E-to-Growth Ratio;
PV- Present Value;
R&D- Research &
Development;
ROCE- Return on Capital Employed;
ROE- Return on Equity;
ROI- Return on Investment;
ROIC- Return on Invested Capital;
ROA-
Quantitative Stock Reports:
Return on Assets;
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The rankings for Quantitative reports have a fixed distribution based on
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WACC-Weighted Average Cost of Capital
relative weightings as described in the Glossary section of the report.
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Depository Shares (ADSs) are net of taxes (paid in the country of origin).
S&P Capital IQ Qualitative Risk Assessment. Reflects an S&P Capital IQ
STARS Stock Reports are prepared by the equity research analysts of
equity analyst's view of a given company's operational risk, or the risk of a
Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory Services LLC ("SPIAS") and
firm's ability to continue as an ongoing concern. The S&P Capital IQ
Standard & Poor's Malaysia Sdn Bhd ("S&P Malaysia"). All of the views
Qualitative Risk Assessment is a relative ranking to the S&P U.S. STARS
expressed in STARS Stock Reports accurately reflect the research
universe, and should be reflective of risk factors related to a company's
analyst's personal views regarding any and all of the subject securities or
operations, as opposed to risk and volatility measures associated with
issuers. Analysts general y update stock reports at least four times each
share prices. For an ETF this reflects on a capitalization-weighted basis,
year. No part of analyst compensation and SPIAS' or S&P Malaysia's
the average qualitative risk assessment assigned to holdings of the fund.
compensation was, is, or wil be, directly or indirectly, related to the
specific recommendations or views expressed in a STARS Stock Report.
STARS Ranking system and definition:
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5-STARS (Strong Buy):
About S&P Global Equity Research's Distributors:
Total return is expected to outperform the total return of a relevant
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This Research Report has been prepared by S&P Global Equity Research, a
rising in price on an absolute basis.
part of S&P Global Market Intel igence. In the United States, research
reports are prepared and issued by Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory
bbbbb
4-STARS (Buy):
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Authority in the United Kingdom. Under and subject to the Markets in
bbbbb
3-STARS (Hold):
Financial Instruments Directive ("MiFID"), SPRE is entitled to exercise a
Redistribution or reproduction is prohibited without written permission. Copyright 2016 Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC.
STANDARD & POOR'S, S&P, S&P 500, S&P CAPITAL IQ, S&P EUROPE 350 and STARS are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC.
Stock Report 1-October-2016 Ticker: UCB BB
UCB SA
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TEAM ORGAN MARCH 27TH, 2009 Sara Moghaddam-Taaheri 1. SPECIFIC AIMS Though nearly 110,000 people are on the organ transplant waiting list, only 77 people receive organ transplants daily. The time an organ can remain outside the body plays a crucial role in the organ transplantation system. The current viability of hearts is limited to a mere four to six hours, due to the limitations of the common cold storage method. This limitation influences several key decisions, such as where a heart can be transported to, or where the surgery can be conducted. Current methods of cold static storage have reached their limits in storage time due to the extent of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induced during static cold storage. The extent of reperfusion injury is directly proportional to preservation time in cold storage, and research has shown that with static storage methods, heart storage time will not exceed six hours. This essentially means that the demands of the organ transplant list will not be met.
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION ------------------------------- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ------------------------- These highlights do not include all the information needed to use EPIDUO • Ultraviolet Light and Environmental Exposure: Avoid exposure to sunlight and FORTE gel safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EPIDUO